 According to
Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, all
people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of
needs. At the bottom of the hierarchy are basic
physiological needs, such as hunger, thirst, and
sleep. Further up the hierarchy are needs for
safety and security, needs for belonging and
love, and esteem-related needs for status and
achievement. Once these needs are met, Maslow
believed, people strive for self-actualization,
the ultimate state of personal fulfillment. As
Maslow put it, “A musician must make music,
an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is
ultimately to be at peace with himself. What a
man can be, he must be."
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At
the same time, psychotherapist Carl Rogers noted
that all humans are born with a drive to achieve
their full capacity and to behave in ways that
are consistent with their true selves. Rogers, a
psychotherapist, developed person-centered
therapy, a nonjudgmental, nondirective approach
that helped clients clarify their sense of who
they are in an effort to facilitate their own
healing process.
"Psychology,"
Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2001 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.
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